An ancient city on the river Euphrates that was capital of both the Old and Neo-Babylonian empires. Under Nebuchadnezzar II (605-562 b.c.e.), who joined forces with the Medes to defeat Egypt at the Battle of Carchemish (605 b.c.e.) and create the second Babylonian Empire, Babylon destroyed Jerusalem and its Temple (587 b.c.e.). Babylon fell to the Persians in 539 b.c.e. Alexander the Great's plans to rebuild the old sanctuaries ended with his death in 323 b.c.e., and the city never regained its former glory. As the archetypal enemy of God's people, Babylon became the symbol of Satan's worldly power. 


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