Issac Newton (1642 - 1727) was an English physicist and mathematician who is regarded as probably the greatest physicist to have ever lived. His fame centers on his description of inertia, mechanics, and the law of gravitation which he published, under the prodding of English astronomer Edmund Halley, in Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. In order to complete his studies of mechanics, he invented calculus. Oddly, he spent most of his time in the pursuit of alchemy (an early specialty of chemistry devoted to turning ordinary metals into gold) and his study of the Bible. His final major work was on optics including the description of the composition of white light from the colors of the spectrum, the Newtonian reflecting telescope (still used today by amateur astronomers), and the corpuscle theory of light. He is considered the second of the three giants of the science of mechanics: Galileo, Newton, and Einstein. 


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